Adult Highlights From the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Registry: 2017-2022.

The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) registry captures clinical data and outcomes on patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support across the globe at participating centers. It provides a very unique opportunity to benchmark outcomes and analyze the clinical course to help identify ways of improving patient outcomes. In this review, we summarize select adult ECMO articles published using the ELSO registry over the past 5 years. These articles highlight innovative utilization of the registry data in generating hypotheses for future clinical trials. Members of the ELSO Scientific Oversight Committee can be found here: https://www.elso.org/registry/socmembers.aspx .

Foundations of a life support equipment exchange platform.

Background: The Extracorporeal Life Support Organization Supplies Platform (https://Supplies.ELSO.org) was created out of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) disposable product shortage prior to and during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This novel Platform supports Centers in obtaining disposables from other Centers when alternative avenues are exhausted. Methods: Driven by the opportunity for increased patient care by using the product availability of the 962 ELSO centers worldwide was the motivation to form an efficient online supply sharing Platform. The pandemic created by COVID-19 became a catalyst to further recognize the magnitude of the supply disruption on a global scale, impacting allocations and guidelines for institutions, practice, and patient care. Conclusions: Records kept on the Platform website are helpful to the industry by providing insights into where difficulties exist in the supply chain for needed equipment. Yet, the common thread is awareness, of how critical situations can stretch resources and challenge our resolve for the best patient care. ELSO is proud to support member centers in these situations, by providing a means of attaining needed ECMO life support products to cover supply shortages.

Prevalence and Susceptibility to Hepatitis B virus and the Need for Community Health Education in Milwaukee's Hmong Community.

BACKGROUND: Chronic Hepatitis B virus infection, the leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide, disproportionately affects Asian Pacific Islanders (APIs) within the USA. Among APIs, the Hmong have one of the highest rates of chronic HBV infection-up to 18% compared to 0.1% for non-Hispanic Caucasians. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of HBV infection and assess the need for community HBV education within Milwaukee County's Hmong. METHODS: Between 3/2013 and 12/2019, 287 Hmong participants were screened for HBV and 271 were provided targeted HBV education to evaluate its impact on HBV knowledge. RESULTS: Among participants screened, 178 (62%) were immune; 77 (27%) susceptible; 27 (9%) positive; and 5 (2%) in a "gray zone." Targeted health education showed statistically significant improvement in HBV knowledge. DISCUSSION: With 38% lacking immunity to HBV and 9% with active infection, there remains a significant need for HBV screening, vaccination, and education in Milwaukee's Hmong community.

A highly reduced cyanogen ligand derived from cyanide reductive coupling.

The synthesis, structure, and spectroscopic features of a bimetallic cyanogen complex obtained from the reductive coupling of cyanide by a niobium(IV) precursor are described, and a mechanism for the coupling reaction is proposed based on DFT calculations.

A bimetallic uranium mu-dicarbide complex: synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and bonding.

The synthesis, spectroscopy, structure, and bonding of the molecular uranium dicarbide complex (mu,eta(1):eta(1)-C(2))[U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3)](2) (Ar = 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) is described.

Uranium-nitrogen multiple bonding: isostructural anionic, neutral, and cationic uranium nitride complexes featuring a linear U=N=U core.

Reaction of the uranium(III) tris(anilide) complex (THF)U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3) (1, THF = tetrahydrofuran; Ar = 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) with MN(3) (M = Na, [N(n-Bu)(4)]) results in the formation of the bimetallic diuranium(IV/IV) complexes M[(mu-N)(U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3))(2)] (M[3]), which feature a single nitride ligand engaged as a linear, symmetric bridge between two uranium centers. The stability of the U=N=U core across multiple charge states is illustrated by stepwise chemical oxidation of Na[3] to the diuranium(IV/V) complex (mu-N)(U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3))(2) (3) and the diuranium(V/V) complex [(mu-N)(U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3))(2)][B(Ar(F))(4)] {[3][B(Ar(F))(4)]; Ar(F) = 3,5-(CF(3))(2)C(6)H(3)}. M[3], 3, and [3][B(Ar(F))(4)] were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and elemental analysis. The cyclic voltammogram of 3 reveals two clean, reversible one-electron electrochemical events at E(1/2) = -1.69 and -0.67 V, assigned to the [3](-)/3 and 3/[3](+) redox couples, respectively. The X-ray crystal structures of [N(n-Bu)(4)][3], 3, and [3][B(Ar(F))(4)] reveal a linear U=N=U core that contracts by only approximately 0.03 A across the [3](n) (n = -1, 0, +1) series, an effect that is rationalized as being primarily electrostatic in origin. [3][B(Ar(F))(4)] reacts with NaCN, eliminating Na[B(Ar(F))(4)] and forming the known diuranium(IV/IV) cyanoimide complex (mu-NCN)(U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3))(2), suggesting that the U=N=U core has metallonitrene-like character.

Uranium-nitrogen multiple bonding: the case of a four-coordinate uranium(VI) nitridoborate complex.

Reaction of the azidoborate salt [N(n-Bu)(4)][(C(6)F(5))(3)B(N(3))] ([N(n-Bu)(4)][1]) with the uranium(III) tris(anilide) complex (THF)U(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3) (2; THF = tetrahydrofuran; Ar = 3,5-Me(2)C(6)H(3)) results in formation of the paramagnetic uranium(V) nitridoborate complex [N(n-Bu)(4)][(C(6)F(5))(3)BNU(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3)] ([N(n-Bu)(4)][3]). Chemical oxidation of [N(n-Bu)(4)][3] is facile and provides the diamagnetic uranium(VI) nitridoborate complex (C(6)F(5))(3)BNU(N[t-Bu]Ar)(3) (3). [N(n-Bu)(4)][3] and 3 are the first nitridoborate complexes of uranium and were characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, single crystal X-ray diffraction methods, and elemental analysis. The X-ray crystal structures of [N(n-Bu)(4)][3] and 3 reveal extremely short UN(nitrido) distances (1.916(4) A and 1.880(4) A, respectively). Density functional theory was used to calculate the optimized structure of the truncated model (C(6)F(5))(3)BNU(N[Me]Ph)(3); the procedure was carried out similarly for several other relevant complexes featuring UN multiple bonds. Bond multiplicities based on Nalewajski-Mrozek valence indices were calculated, the results of which suggest that the UN(nitrido) interaction in 3 is close to a full triple bond.

Solution behavior and structural properties of Cu(I) complexes featuring m-terphenyl isocyanides.

The synthesis of the m-terphenyl isocyanide ligand CNAr (Mes2) (Mes = 2,4,6-Me 3C 6H 2) is described. Isocyanide CNAr (Mes2) readily functions as a sterically encumbering supporting unit for several Cu(I) halide and pseudo halide fragments, fostering in some cases rare structural motifs. Combination of equimolar quantities of CNAr (Mes2) and CuX (X = Cl, Br and I) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution results in the formation of the bridging halide complexes (mu-X) 2[Cu(THF)(CNAr (Mes2))] 2. Addition of CNAr (Mes2) to cuprous chloride in a 2:1 molar ratio generates the complex ClCu(CNAr (Mes2)) 2 in a straightforward manner. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction has revealed ClCu(CNAr (Mes2)) 2 to exist as a three-coordinate monomer in the solid state. As determined by solution (1)H NMR and FTIR spectroscopic studies, monomer ClCu(CNAr (Mes2)) 2 resists tight binding of a third CNAr (Mes2) unit, resulting in rapid isocyanide exchange. Contrastingly, addition of 3 equiv of CNAr (Mes2) to cuprous iodide readily affords the tris-isocyanide species, ICu(CNAr (Mes2)) 3, as determined by X-ray diffraction. Similar coordination behavior is observed in the tris-isocyanide salt [(THF)Cu(CNAr (Mes2)) 3]OTf (OTf = O 3SCF 3), which is generated upon treatment of (C 6H 6)[Cu(OTf)] 2 with 6 equiv of CNAr (Mes2) in THF. The disparate coordination behavior of the [CuCl] fragment relative to both [CuI] and [CuOTf] is rationalized in terms of structure and Lewis acidity of the Cu-containing fragments. The putative triflate species [Cu(CNAr (Mes2)) 3]OTf itself serves as a good Lewis acid and is found to weakly bind C 6H 6 in an eta (1)- C manner in the solid-state. Density Functional Theory is used to describe the bonding and energetics of the eta (1)- C Cu-C 6H 6 interaction.

Towards uranium catalysts.

The forefront of research into the complexes of uranium reveals chemical transformations that challenge and expand our view of this unique element. Certain ligands form multiple bonds to uranium, and small, inert molecules such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide become reactive when in complex with the metal. Such complexes provide clues to the catalytic future of uranium, in which the applications of the element extend far beyond the nuclear industry. Most excitingly, the ability of uranium to use its outermost f electrons for binding ligands might enable the element to catalyse reactions that are impossible with conventional, transition-metal catalysts.